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DNA of Criminals: KinHome » Science & Nature » Forensic Science » DNA & Trace Analysis » DNA of Criminals ship Analysis - Should Close Relatives Be Profiled?
© Karen Lotter
Jun 16, 2008
Should close relatives of criminals be DNA profiled or is it a violation of civil liberties? Will kinship analysis aid the criminal justice system or abuse human rights?
Earlier this year, in Science Daily, Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys, of the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom, voiced his concerns over the ethics of a DNA database. One of the issues that concerned him was whether close relatives of criminals should be profiled. . . .
The rest of this article discusses the ethical ramifications of using DNA from innocent family members to convict criminals. It presents two prominent cases in which this was a successful strategy for law enforcement members.
Genealogists can adapt this type of strategy as well; when one doesn't have the DNA of the person of interest to one's research, one can find a "surrogate" by seeking DNA from other family members.
22 June 2008
Louisiana Genealogical Journals
The Advocate and Channel 2 WBRZ News at 2theadvocat.com (Baton Rouge, Louisiana); 2theadvocate.com:
Louisiana’s genealogy magazines outstanding
By DAMON VEACH
Special to Magazine; Published: Jun 22, 2008 - UPDATED: 12:05 a.m.
"Louisiana has long been noted for some of the finest genealogical societies in the country, and these groups, in turn, each have outstanding publications that are included with membership fees. This is not only characteristically true for the larger groups, but even the smaller societies are coming up with some excellent and previously unpublished materials." . . .
A listing of journals and examples of articles from those journals are contained in the remainder of this article.
Louisiana’s genealogy magazines outstanding
By DAMON VEACH
Special to Magazine; Published: Jun 22, 2008 - UPDATED: 12:05 a.m.
"Louisiana has long been noted for some of the finest genealogical societies in the country, and these groups, in turn, each have outstanding publications that are included with membership fees. This is not only characteristically true for the larger groups, but even the smaller societies are coming up with some excellent and previously unpublished materials." . . .
A listing of journals and examples of articles from those journals are contained in the remainder of this article.
20 May 2008
Loving v. Virginia and the Secret History of Race
Loving v. Virginia and the Secret History of Race - New York Times
By BRENT STAPLES
Published: May 14, 2008
Americans born in the 21st century will shake their heads in disbelief on learning that 40 states once had laws prohibiting interracial marriage. The Supreme Court struck down the last of these statutes in the 1967 case of Mildred and Richard Loving, a black woman and a white man who were arrested and banished from Virginia for the crime of being married.
{Click on link for remainder of article. Mildred Loving recently died.}
By BRENT STAPLES
Published: May 14, 2008
Americans born in the 21st century will shake their heads in disbelief on learning that 40 states once had laws prohibiting interracial marriage. The Supreme Court struck down the last of these statutes in the 1967 case of Mildred and Richard Loving, a black woman and a white man who were arrested and banished from Virginia for the crime of being married.
{Click on link for remainder of article. Mildred Loving recently died.}
17 April 2008
Bliss Broyard's book, One Drop
Memoir explores roots, prejudices, and New Orleans' peculiar racial history.
by Susan Larson for the Times-Picayune (New Orleans)
October 22, 2007
A review of Bliss Broyard's book about the revelation that her famous father had been "passing" for white most of his life. She only found out the truth after his death. This article includes excerpts from an interview with Bliss Broyard.
by Susan Larson for the Times-Picayune (New Orleans)
October 22, 2007
A review of Bliss Broyard's book about the revelation that her famous father had been "passing" for white most of his life. She only found out the truth after his death. This article includes excerpts from an interview with Bliss Broyard.
11 April 2008
Who knew you could find ethnicity in fingerprints?
Discovery Channel :: News :: Da Vinci Fingerprint Reveals Arab Heritage?
Rossella Lorenzi, Discovery News
Part of article (for full article, click on link)
. . . After scouring manuscripts and notebooks, the researchers found two other fingerprints that matched and completed the Ermine markings. The result was an entire fingertip, possibly belonging to the left forefinger.
Fingerprints are unique and don't change over a lifetime. Analysis of the skin's arches, loops and whorls — a science known as dermatoglyphics — has shown that there is a link between fingerprints and populations.
In the case of Leonardo's fingertip, patterns and ridges pointed to the Middle East, the researchers concluded.
"The fingerprint features patterns such as the central whorl that are dominant in the Middle East. About 60 percent of the Middle Eastern population display the same dermatoglyphic structure found in the fingerprint," Capasso said.
The discovery would support Vezzosi's claim that Leonardo's mother was not a local peasant girl as previously thought, but a Middle Eastern slave. . . .
Rossella Lorenzi, Discovery News
Part of article (for full article, click on link)
. . . After scouring manuscripts and notebooks, the researchers found two other fingerprints that matched and completed the Ermine markings. The result was an entire fingertip, possibly belonging to the left forefinger.
Fingerprints are unique and don't change over a lifetime. Analysis of the skin's arches, loops and whorls — a science known as dermatoglyphics — has shown that there is a link between fingerprints and populations.
In the case of Leonardo's fingertip, patterns and ridges pointed to the Middle East, the researchers concluded.
"The fingerprint features patterns such as the central whorl that are dominant in the Middle East. About 60 percent of the Middle Eastern population display the same dermatoglyphic structure found in the fingerprint," Capasso said.
The discovery would support Vezzosi's claim that Leonardo's mother was not a local peasant girl as previously thought, but a Middle Eastern slave. . . .
10 April 2008
Defining Mixed-Blood Indians
Defining Mixed-Blood Indians
“A Rose by any other name is a Cactus”
~ Defining mixed-blood Indians in colonial Virginia and the Carolinas ~By Steven Pony Hill
Augusta County, VA (Orders 1773-1779)
19 AUG 1777….Nat, an Indian boy in the custody of Mary Greenlee who detains him as a slave complains that he is held in unlawful slavery. Commission to take depositions in Carolina or elsewhere.
17 SEP 1777….On the complaint of Nat an Indian or Mustee Boy who says he is to be set free from service of Mary Greenlee…nothing appeared to this Court but a bill of sale for ten pounds from one Sherwood Harris of Granville County, NC that through several assignments was made over to James Greenlee deceased, late husband to the said Mary….said Mulattoe or Indian Boy is a free man and no slave. ( Nat was most likely half-Indian, so therefore Mulatto or Mustee could be used interchangeably, use of these terms were influenced by the status of his servitude)
Charles City County, VA (Orders 1687-95)
DEC 1690….Thomas Mayo an Indian belonging to Jno. Evans is adjudged 14 years old.
Chesterfield County, VA (Orders 1767-71)
6 APR 1770…On motion of Sibbell, an Indian woman held in slavery by Joseph Ashbrooke, have leave to prosecute for her freedom in forma pauperis. -
Sibbell an Indian wench V. Joseph Ashbrooke, for pltf. To take deposition of Elizabeth Blankenship and Thomas Womack. -
Sybill a Mulatto V. Joseph Ashbrooke – dismissed. (Sibell was most likely less than full blooded Indian…she was described as Indian up to the point it was determined that she was legally a slave, then she was described as mulatto…use of the term is influenced by the status of her servitude)
NOTE: The above is just a fraction of the similar items posted at this site. Click on link for the rest of the data.
“A Rose by any other name is a Cactus”
~ Defining mixed-blood Indians in colonial Virginia and the Carolinas ~By Steven Pony Hill
Augusta County, VA (Orders 1773-1779)
19 AUG 1777….Nat, an Indian boy in the custody of Mary Greenlee who detains him as a slave complains that he is held in unlawful slavery. Commission to take depositions in Carolina or elsewhere.
17 SEP 1777….On the complaint of Nat an Indian or Mustee Boy who says he is to be set free from service of Mary Greenlee…nothing appeared to this Court but a bill of sale for ten pounds from one Sherwood Harris of Granville County, NC that through several assignments was made over to James Greenlee deceased, late husband to the said Mary….said Mulattoe or Indian Boy is a free man and no slave. ( Nat was most likely half-Indian, so therefore Mulatto or Mustee could be used interchangeably, use of these terms were influenced by the status of his servitude)
Charles City County, VA (Orders 1687-95)
DEC 1690….Thomas Mayo an Indian belonging to Jno. Evans is adjudged 14 years old.
Chesterfield County, VA (Orders 1767-71)
6 APR 1770…On motion of Sibbell, an Indian woman held in slavery by Joseph Ashbrooke, have leave to prosecute for her freedom in forma pauperis. -
Sibbell an Indian wench V. Joseph Ashbrooke, for pltf. To take deposition of Elizabeth Blankenship and Thomas Womack. -
Sybill a Mulatto V. Joseph Ashbrooke – dismissed. (Sibell was most likely less than full blooded Indian…she was described as Indian up to the point it was determined that she was legally a slave, then she was described as mulatto…use of the term is influenced by the status of her servitude)
NOTE: The above is just a fraction of the similar items posted at this site. Click on link for the rest of the data.
04 April 2008
Project to safeguard Aboriginal secrets
Project to safeguard Aboriginal secrets - 03 Apr 2008 - NZ Herald: World / International News:
Partial quotations [follow link for entire article]:
"Vines says that most Aborigines do not make wills, and that inheritances can be enmeshed in issues such as property and children.
'Is it common law property or native title? What happens to children and other relatives in a kinship system totally unlike that of Western society?
'Without a will, there is no executor to make decisions about disposal of the body and if there is a dispute, it has to go to court. 'That's a difficulty in itself.'
Vines says the Australian system reflects Western kinship structures, not the Aboriginal family structure, in which words indicating kinship often do not exactly match Australian legal meanings."
Partial quotations [follow link for entire article]:
"Vines says that most Aborigines do not make wills, and that inheritances can be enmeshed in issues such as property and children.
'Is it common law property or native title? What happens to children and other relatives in a kinship system totally unlike that of Western society?
'Without a will, there is no executor to make decisions about disposal of the body and if there is a dispute, it has to go to court. 'That's a difficulty in itself.'
Vines says the Australian system reflects Western kinship structures, not the Aboriginal family structure, in which words indicating kinship often do not exactly match Australian legal meanings."
Clue to early Americans lies in origin of the feces | Seattle Times Newspaper
Clue to early Americans lies in origin of the feces | Seattle Times Newspaper
Archaeologists have found 14,300-year-old fossilized feces in a cave in Oregon.
DNA analysis of the dried excrement shows the people who lived in the caves were closely related to modern Native Americans. Their genetic roots reach across the Bering Strait to Siberia and eastern Asia.
"These are probably the ancestors of some of the Native Americans living in America now," said Eske Willerslev, director of the Centre for Ancient Genetics at the University of Copenhagen.
[For full article, click on link.]
Archaeologists have found 14,300-year-old fossilized feces in a cave in Oregon.
DNA analysis of the dried excrement shows the people who lived in the caves were closely related to modern Native Americans. Their genetic roots reach across the Bering Strait to Siberia and eastern Asia.
"These are probably the ancestors of some of the Native Americans living in America now," said Eske Willerslev, director of the Centre for Ancient Genetics at the University of Copenhagen.
[For full article, click on link.]
The Deliveryman: An Ill-Fitting Tongue
The Deliveryman: An Ill-Fitting Tongue
Thursday, April 3, 2008
An Ill-Fitting Tongue
Today I attended a guest speaker seminar about radio and the internet and learned about Melungeons, an ethnic group of mixed-race people living in Appalachia. They are generally considered a tri-racial mix of European, African, and Native American descent, though hereditary lines vary from family to family. In his study, the researcher found that various Melungeon people living throughout the region and in diaspora had sort of found each other through the internet after a few of them had linked up while studying their genealogy. They have had several annual gatherings since.
This is an interesting group, certainly marginalized -- as the researcher put it, they were 'other' to the 'others,' spited even among the maligned Appalachian and Black populations. I realized as I looked them up this evening that I served my mission in a couple places with Melungeon populations. If I met any at the time, I wasn't aware of it.
[Continued on other topics]
Thursday, April 3, 2008
An Ill-Fitting Tongue
Today I attended a guest speaker seminar about radio and the internet and learned about Melungeons, an ethnic group of mixed-race people living in Appalachia. They are generally considered a tri-racial mix of European, African, and Native American descent, though hereditary lines vary from family to family. In his study, the researcher found that various Melungeon people living throughout the region and in diaspora had sort of found each other through the internet after a few of them had linked up while studying their genealogy. They have had several annual gatherings since.
This is an interesting group, certainly marginalized -- as the researcher put it, they were 'other' to the 'others,' spited even among the maligned Appalachian and Black populations. I realized as I looked them up this evening that I served my mission in a couple places with Melungeon populations. If I met any at the time, I wasn't aware of it.
[Continued on other topics]
Cyndie's Musings: William Goyens, Jr of Nacogdoches, TX
William Goyens, Jr of Nacogdoches, TX
Cyndie discusses her ancestor William Goyens Jr and his family origins in North Carolina. She speculates on white versus black, but notes her family were free people of color and considered to be Croatan or Lumbee. She relates an interesting story of a NC cemetery, where some of her family are buried, stating that the bodies were buried in a standing up position. It looks as if some of her other posts may be quite interesting too.
Cyndie discusses her ancestor William Goyens Jr and his family origins in North Carolina. She speculates on white versus black, but notes her family were free people of color and considered to be Croatan or Lumbee. She relates an interesting story of a NC cemetery, where some of her family are buried, stating that the bodies were buried in a standing up position. It looks as if some of her other posts may be quite interesting too.
18 March 2008
Kinship Studies: New Book
Kinship Studies
A new book entitled The Genius of Kinship: The Phenomenon of Human Kinship and the Global Diversity of Kinship Terminologies by German V. Dziebel; From Cambria Press, published on January 28, 2008.
You can purchase it on Amazon.com
(Uunfortunately, the price is $139.95! )
What’s new about this book?
+It is a new theory of human kinship
+It contains a new historiography of kinship studies that takes into account related disciplines
+It offers a new look at American Indian kinship systems
+It attempts to synthesize anthropology, linguistics and population genetics
+It critisizes the Out-of-Africa theory and outlines a new model of human origins and dispersals
+It is built on a new database and a new bibliography
+It exemplifies a new methodology of social sciences as applied to human origins
+It is a new step in the critique of anthropology
+It overcomes post-modernism
+It is not nostalgic
+It leads to a new vision of anthropology and reconciles it with its roots
+It is creative and optimistic
NOTE by CEB: I have not yet read this book. This information is from the author's site.
Another site has information about the author's theories and explains the book in more detail. Frankly, it sounds a little wacky to me, so, at this point, I'm going to wait to see if it gains any momentum in the anthropology world and what kind of reviews it gets.
A new book entitled The Genius of Kinship: The Phenomenon of Human Kinship and the Global Diversity of Kinship Terminologies by German V. Dziebel; From Cambria Press, published on January 28, 2008.
You can purchase it on Amazon.com
(Uunfortunately, the price is $139.95! )
What’s new about this book?
+It is a new theory of human kinship
+It contains a new historiography of kinship studies that takes into account related disciplines
+It offers a new look at American Indian kinship systems
+It attempts to synthesize anthropology, linguistics and population genetics
+It critisizes the Out-of-Africa theory and outlines a new model of human origins and dispersals
+It is built on a new database and a new bibliography
+It exemplifies a new methodology of social sciences as applied to human origins
+It is a new step in the critique of anthropology
+It overcomes post-modernism
+It is not nostalgic
+It leads to a new vision of anthropology and reconciles it with its roots
+It is creative and optimistic
NOTE by CEB: I have not yet read this book. This information is from the author's site.
Another site has information about the author's theories and explains the book in more detail. Frankly, it sounds a little wacky to me, so, at this point, I'm going to wait to see if it gains any momentum in the anthropology world and what kind of reviews it gets.
17 March 2008
Ariela Gross | "Of Portuguese Origin": Litigating Identity and Citizenship among the "Little Races" in Nineteenth-Century America
Ariela Gross "Of Portuguese Origin": Litigating Identity and Citizenship among the "Little Races" in Nineteenth-Century America Law and History Review, 25.3 The History Cooperative
ABSTRACT: The history of race in the nineteenth-century United States is often told as a story of black and white in the South, and white and Indian in the West, with little attention to the intersection between black and Indian. This article explores the history of nineteenth-century America's "little races"—racially ambiguous communities of African, Indian, and European origin up and down the eastern seaboard. These communities came under increasing pressure in the years leading up to the Civil War and in its aftermath to fall on one side or the other of a black-white color line. Drawing on trial records of cases litigating the racial identity of the Melungeons of Tennessee, the Croatans/Lumbee of North Carolina, and the Narragansett of Rhode Island, this article looks at the differing paths these three groups took in the face of Jim Crow: the Melungeons claiming whiteness; the Croatans/Lumbee asserting Indian identity and rejecting association with blacks; the Narragansett asserting Indian identity without rejecting their African origins. Members of these communities found that they could achieve full citizenship in the U.S. polity only to the extent that they abandoned their self-governance and distanced themselves from people of African descent.
ABSTRACT: The history of race in the nineteenth-century United States is often told as a story of black and white in the South, and white and Indian in the West, with little attention to the intersection between black and Indian. This article explores the history of nineteenth-century America's "little races"—racially ambiguous communities of African, Indian, and European origin up and down the eastern seaboard. These communities came under increasing pressure in the years leading up to the Civil War and in its aftermath to fall on one side or the other of a black-white color line. Drawing on trial records of cases litigating the racial identity of the Melungeons of Tennessee, the Croatans/Lumbee of North Carolina, and the Narragansett of Rhode Island, this article looks at the differing paths these three groups took in the face of Jim Crow: the Melungeons claiming whiteness; the Croatans/Lumbee asserting Indian identity and rejecting association with blacks; the Narragansett asserting Indian identity without rejecting their African origins. Members of these communities found that they could achieve full citizenship in the U.S. polity only to the extent that they abandoned their self-governance and distanced themselves from people of African descent.
28 February 2008
PowerPointers Blog
A weblog about using Microsoft PowerPoint software to design effective presentations.
This blog is designed as a communication tool and a repository of training resources on the Microsoft PowerPoint software package and effective presentation design. I plan not only to discuss the mechanics of using the PowerPoint software, but also to discuss proper design techniques.
This blog is designed as a communication tool and a repository of training resources on the Microsoft PowerPoint software package and effective presentation design. I plan not only to discuss the mechanics of using the PowerPoint software, but also to discuss proper design techniques.
24 February 2008
Quotations: Personal Favorites
The central organizing principle in the discipline of genealogy is the reconstruction and analysis of kinship. ~ Carolyn Earle BillingsleyIt is better to be liked for the true you, than to be loved for who people think you are.
It's better to BURN OUT than fade away . . .
So often times it happens that we live our lives in chains and we never even know we have the key. ~ Eagles' song lyric
A family's photograph album is generally about the extended family and, often, is all that remains of it. ~Susan Sontag (1933-2004)
You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. ~ C.S. Lewis, (1898-1963)
Act as if what you do makes a difference. It does. ~ William James
The sad truth is that excellence makes people nervous. ~Shana Alexander
He may be mad, but there's method in his madness. There nearly always is method in madness. It's what drives men mad, being methodical. ~ G. K. Chesterton
Research is the process of going up alleys to see if they are blind. ~ Marston Bates
Well-Behaved Women Seldom Make History; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
History" isn’t just what happens in the past,” but what we choose to remember. ~Paraphrased from Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, in We’re No Angels, by Kathryn Harrison (2007)
If you don’t know your history, then you don’t know anything. You are a leaf that doesn’t know it is part of a tree. ~ Michael Crichton, from "Ancestry Weekly Journal," 1 October 2007 (email newsletter)
08 February 2008
Third Cousins Have Greatest Number Of Offspring, Data From Iceland Shows
ScienceDaily (2008-02-08) -- Scientists have established a substantial and consistent positive correlation between the kinship of couples and the number of children and grandchildren they have. The study, which analyzes more than 200 years of deCODE's comprehensive genalogical data on the population of Iceland, shows that couples related at the level of third cousins have the greatest number of offspring. These new findings suggest that the recent and dramatic demographic shift experienced in Iceland -- from a rural society to a highly urbanized one -- may serve to slow population growth, as individuals are exposed to a much broader range of distantly related potential mates. ... > read full article
Citation: "Iceland Shows." ScienceDaily 8 February 2008. Accessed online, 8 February 2008, at www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080207140855.htm.
06 January 2008
Colon cancer risk traced to common ancestor
Colon cancer risk traced to common ancestor | U.S. | Reuters:
LONDON (Reuters) - "A married couple who sailed to America from England around 1630 are the reason why thousands of people in the United States are at higher risk of a hereditary form of colon cancer, researchers said on Wednesday.
Using a genetic fingerprint, a U.S. team traced back a so-called founder genetic mutation to the couple found among two large families currently living in Utah and New York."
Follow link to read full article.
LONDON (Reuters) - "A married couple who sailed to America from England around 1630 are the reason why thousands of people in the United States are at higher risk of a hereditary form of colon cancer, researchers said on Wednesday.
Using a genetic fingerprint, a U.S. team traced back a so-called founder genetic mutation to the couple found among two large families currently living in Utah and New York."
Follow link to read full article.
Ethics in Publishing Family Histories
Steve’s Genealogy Blog » Ethics in Publishing Family Histories
Not only is the article of interest, but the numerous comments by readers add much to the discussion of what can be published and what should be published. Do we continue to hide family secrets, because someone might be upset or ashamed, or do we publish the truth as we find and can document it? How do we deal with people who "steal" our research? Weighty questions and some great opinions, well expressed.
Not only is the article of interest, but the numerous comments by readers add much to the discussion of what can be published and what should be published. Do we continue to hide family secrets, because someone might be upset or ashamed, or do we publish the truth as we find and can document it? How do we deal with people who "steal" our research? Weighty questions and some great opinions, well expressed.
23 December 2007
Melungeon Information at NativeAmericans.com
Native Americans - Melungeon
This site has all kinds of links to a wide variety of information about Melungeons. For example:
ALHN Melungeon Webpage - This is the Melungeon information page for the American Local History Network.
Appalachian Quarterly Magazine, Wise County (VA) Historical Society- A magazine which regularly covers items on Melungeons. Link to the Melungeon Registry, which traces family histories of many Melungeon families. List of common Melungeon names.
Black Dutch - Six different meanings for the term Black Dutch or Black German.
Black Dutch and Irish, Melungeons, Moravians, Pennsylvania Dutch - Shirley Hornbeck's This and That Genealogy Tips, Genealogy Tips on Black Dutch and Irish, Melungeons, Moravians, Pennsylvania Dutch
Brent Kennedy's response to Virginia DeMarce: Kennedy defending his book after DeMarce wrote a review attacking it.
See this site for many more links to Melungeon data.
This site has all kinds of links to a wide variety of information about Melungeons. For example:
ALHN Melungeon Webpage - This is the Melungeon information page for the American Local History Network.
Appalachian Quarterly Magazine, Wise County (VA) Historical Society- A magazine which regularly covers items on Melungeons. Link to the Melungeon Registry, which traces family histories of many Melungeon families. List of common Melungeon names.
Black Dutch - Six different meanings for the term Black Dutch or Black German.
Black Dutch and Irish, Melungeons, Moravians, Pennsylvania Dutch - Shirley Hornbeck's This and That Genealogy Tips, Genealogy Tips on Black Dutch and Irish, Melungeons, Moravians, Pennsylvania Dutch
Brent Kennedy's response to Virginia DeMarce: Kennedy defending his book after DeMarce wrote a review attacking it.
See this site for many more links to Melungeon data.
Wantabes and Outalucks: Searching for Indian Ancestors in Federal Records
Article on Native American Research:
by Kent Carter Director, National Archives-Fort Worth Branch
This very in-depth article is a step-by-step explanation of how to research your Native American roots, complete with helpful links.
by Kent Carter Director, National Archives-Fort Worth Branch
This very in-depth article is a step-by-step explanation of how to research your Native American roots, complete with helpful links.
Black Dutch
Shaking Your Family Tree, April 2, 1998
IN SEARCH OF THE BLACK DUTCH, by Myra Vanderpool Gormley, C.G.
"The so-called 'Black Dutch' have long been an enigma in American genealogy. Their descendants are widely reported, yet no authoritative definition exists for this intriguing term,'' James Pylant says in an article entitled "In Search of the Black Dutch,'' which appears in American Genealogy Magazine (Volume 12, No. 1).
Many readers of this periodical responded to a survey about their "Black Dutch'' ancestry as did several professional genealogists. The results were interesting but inconclusive. [Follow link for the rest of this article.]
IN SEARCH OF THE BLACK DUTCH, by Myra Vanderpool Gormley, C.G.
"The so-called 'Black Dutch' have long been an enigma in American genealogy. Their descendants are widely reported, yet no authoritative definition exists for this intriguing term,'' James Pylant says in an article entitled "In Search of the Black Dutch,'' which appears in American Genealogy Magazine (Volume 12, No. 1).
Many readers of this periodical responded to a survey about their "Black Dutch'' ancestry as did several professional genealogists. The results were interesting but inconclusive. [Follow link for the rest of this article.]
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